These images have been tested for name agreement with speakers of Spanish, Basque, Catalan, Italian, French, English, German, Mandarin Chinese, and Arabic, and have been controlled for relevant linguistic features in cross-language combinations. Recognizing that the distinction between nouns and verbs is necessary for detailed and precise language mapping, MULTIMAP consists of a database of 218 standardized color pictures representing both objects and actions. Here we present MULTIMAP, a new multilingual picture naming test for mapping eloquent areas during awake brain surgery. Heterogeneity in the selection criteria for stimuli leads to differences, for example, in the size, color, image quality, and even names associated with pictures, making direct cross-linguistic comparisons difficult. There is still no reliable testing instrument, as the available batteries have been developed for specific languages.
With multilingual populations increasing worldwide, patients frequently need to be tested in more than one language.
Picture naming tasks are currently the gold standard for identifying and preserving language-related areas during awake brain surgery.
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